In the publication an attempt has been made to answer the question whether the directions of the development of enterprises realized in Poland in the period of impetuous, in large part forced by external factors, transformations of the ownership structure, changes in employment structure, sizes, and the structure of the economic activity can be acknowledged profitable for economic and social situation of the Polish state. The results of researches presented in the publication do not justify a positive answer to the question formulated in this way and indicate at the same time the need to continue such researches also in the future.