There are many studies in the regional economics literature which have approached the issues of regional specialisation and industrial concentration. Regional specialisation depicts the distribution of the sectoral shares in one region, usually compared to the rest of the country, while geographic concentration of a specific industry reflects the distribution of its regional shares. In order to explore the main characteristics and the interaction between regional specialisation and sectoral concentration in Romania and to achieve a better understanding of the topic, we have used "traditional" statistical measures like the Herfindahl Index and krugman dissimilarity index. Concentration of industries and specialisation of regions were measured for the 1996-2005 period on the basis of the Gross Value Added and employment data, by branch and by region, provided by Romanian official statistics.